After escaping slavery on her personal in 1849, Harriet Tubman helped others journey on the Underground Railroad. From 1850 to 1860 she made an estimated 13 journeys and rescued round 70 enslaved folks, together with many members of her household. She additionally offered data in order that others may discover their method north to freedom. Tubman aided so many in escaping slavery that she was known as “Moses.”
Eager to carry an finish to slavery, Tubman additionally coordinated with abolitionists. Through the Civil War, she turned a nurse and a spy for the Union. And regardless of her ongoing monetary struggles, she continued to battle for equality and justice by talking out towards prejudice and advocating ladies’s suffrage. It is clear Tubman led a momentous life that made the world a greater place.
c. 1822: Tubman is born as Araminta “Minty” Ross in Maryland’s Dorchester County
Her mother and father, Ben Ross and Harriet “Rit” Inexperienced, are each enslaved, which means Ross had the identical standing at beginning.
Although her birthdate has typically been listed as round 1820, a record from March 1822 lists {that a} midwife had been paid for tending to Inexperienced, which suggests the beginning might have taken place in February or March of that 12 months.
c. 1828: Tubman is about 5 – 6 years outdated when her enslavers rent her out to are likely to an toddler. She is whipped for any perceived errors.
c. 1829: Across the age of seven, Tubman is once more employed out. Her duties embody strolling into moist marshes to verify muskrat traps. She turns into ailing with measles and returns to her mom to get well.
c. 1834-36: An overseer throws a two-pound weight at one other slave however hits Tubman’s head. She barely survives the devastating damage and experiences headaches for the rest of her life. It is attainable this damage led to her affected by temporal lobe epilepsy, which may clarify her visions and sleeping spells.
c. 1835: Tubman works as a subject hand, which she prefers to inside duties.
c. 1830s: Two of Tubman’s older sisters are offered and transported out of Maryland.
1840: Tubman’s father is free of slavery.
1844: She weds John Tubman, a free black man, although her standing as a slave means the union shouldn’t be legally acknowledged. Upon marriage, Tubman adopts her mom’s identify of Harriet.
March 7, 1849: Tubman’s proprietor dies, which makes her worry being offered.
September 17, 1849: Tubman heads north with two of her brothers to flee slavery. Nevertheless, the lads turn into nervous and persuade their sister to return.
October 1849: Tubman runs away
She follows the North Star and makes it to Philadelphia. As Pennsylvania is a free state, she has escaped enslavement.
September 18, 1850: The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 passes. It requires all components of america, even states that had outlawed slavery, to take part within the return of runaway slaves.
December 1850: Tubman helps rescue a niece and her niece’s kids after studying they’re alleged to be offered at public sale.
1851: Tubman tries to carry her husband north, however he decides to stay along with his second spouse, a free black girl. Tubman as a substitute guides one other group to Canada, the place they are going to be outdoors the attain of the Fugitive Slave Act.
December 1854: Tubman helps a gaggle that features three of her brothers journey to Canada.
READ MORE: How Harriet Tubman and William Still Helped the Underground Railroad
June 1857: Tubman brings her mother and father from Maryland to Canada
Her father is in peril as a result of he has been serving to the Underground Railroad.
April 1858: In Canada, Tubman meets abolitionist John Brown. She learns of his plans to spark a slave rise up in america and agrees to assemble recruits for the trigger.
October 16, 1859: Brown’s raid on the federal armory at Harper’s Ferry in Virginia (now West Virginia) takes place. Tubman doesn’t take part, maybe as a result of sickness.
1859: Tubman purchases a property in Auburn, New York, from antislavery politician William H. Seward. Having been sad in Canada, her mother and father be a part of Tubman there.
Harriet Tubman’s residence in Auburn, New York
Photograph: Afro American Newspapers/Gado/Getty Pictures
April 27, 1860: In Troy, New York, Tubman helps former slave Charles Nalle elude the U.S. marshals who intend to return him to his enslaver.
December 1860: Tubman makes her final journey on the Underground Railroad
1862: Following the beginning of the Civil Warfare, Tubman joins Union troops in South Carolina. She turns into a nurse, whereas additionally working a wash home and dealing as a prepare dinner to earn cash.
c. 1863: Tubman serves as a spy for the Union
She coordinates with former slaves from the realm to assemble details about the opposing Accomplice forces.
READ MORE: Harriet Tubman’s Service as a Union Spy
June 1-2, 1863: Tubman leads an armed raid up the Combahee River raid in South Carolina. The mission destroys Accomplice provides and frees greater than 700 enslaved folks. Tubman is the primary girl to go a navy expedition in america.
July 1863: After the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, whose troopers had been African American volunteers, suffers devastating losses throughout a bloody battle at Fort Wagner, Tubman helps bury the useless and aids survivors.
June 1864: Tubman is granted a furlough and goes to Auburn to go to her mother and father.
1865: Tubman nurses black troopers at Fort Monroe in Virginia. After the Civil Warfare ends, she visits Washington, D.C., and informs the surgeon common that black troopers are experiencing harsh situations in navy hospitals.
READ MORE: Inside Harriet Tubman’s Life of Service After the Underground Railroad
July 1865: Tubman asks Seward, who’s secretary of state, to assist her obtain cost for her work in the course of the struggle. She shouldn’t be profitable, due partially to the turmoil of President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination and Seward’s ongoing restoration from stab wounds struggling throughout an assassination try.
October 1865: Tubman is touring residence by practice when a conductor orders her, using a racial slur, to go to a unique automotive. She defends her rights however is forcibly eliminated.
December 1868: Scenes within the Lifetime of Harriet Tubman, a biography by Sarah Bradford is revealed (although the official publication date is listed as 1869). The guide has a number of inaccuracies however gross sales elevate roughly $1,200 for a financially struggling Tubman.
Harriet Tubman, circa 1868
Photograph: Library of Congress/Getty Pictures
March 18, 1869: Tubman weds Nelson Davis, a 25-year-old former slave and Civil Warfare veteran.
1873: Tubman is robbed by males who trick her into believing they might present her with Accomplice gold.
1874: Tubman and her husband undertake a daughter, whom they identify Gertie Davis.
June 1886: Tubman buys 25 acres of land subsequent to her residence in Auburn to create a nursing residence for black Individuals.
October 1886: A revised Tubman biography, Harriet, the Moses of Her Folks, is revealed.
October 18, 1888: Tubman’s husband dies after affected by tuberculosis.
1890s: Tubman turns into extra concerned within the motion for ladies’s suffrage.
June 1890: Tubman applies for a pension as a Civil Warfare widow.
October 16, 1895: Tubman is authorised for a struggle widow pension of $8 a month.
July 1896: Tubman speaks on the founding convention of the Nationwide Affiliation of Coloured Ladies.
November 1896: Tubman is launched by Susan B. Anthony at a suffrage conference in Rochester, New York.
1897: Queen Victoria sends Tubman a scarf and a medal in celebration of her Diamond Jubilee. The queen additionally invitations Tubman to go to England to rejoice her birthday, however Tubman’s straitened funds make this an impossibility.
The scarf Queen Victoria despatched Harriet Tubman
Photograph: Assortment of the Smithsonian Nationwide Museum of African American Historical past and Tradition, Present of Charles L. Blockson, 2009.50.39
Late 1890s: Tubman undergoes mind surgical procedure at Massachusetts Basic Hospital in an try and alleviate her painful complications.
1899: Congress raises Tubman’s pension to $20 per thirty days, however the improve is for her providers as a nurse as a substitute of her navy work.
Harriet Tubman (far left), circa 1900
Photograph: MPI/Getty Pictures
June 23, 1908: Tubman attends the opening ceremony for the Harriet Tubman House for the Aged. It is going to be operated by AME Zion Church, which has taken over the deed to the property.
Might 19, 1911: An ailing Tubman turns into a resident of the Harriet Tubman House. Supporters elevate funds to finance her care.
March 10, 1913: Tubman dies following a battle with pneumonia
March 13, 1913: Tubman is buried with navy honors.
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